Functions (MCR3U) · Characteristics of Functions

Maximum/minimum of a quadratic by completing the square

Complete the square to find the maximum or minimum value of a quadratic function. Unlimited questions, five difficulty levels, and a full worked solution every time — free.

Practice this skill Curriculum: MCR3U-CF2.1

Try one

Complete the square to find the minimum value of the function.

y = x2 + 8x + 18

Answer: 2

See one solved, step by step

Complete the square to find the minimum value of the function.

y = x2 - 4x + 3
📘 Worked solution
1y = x2 - 4x + 3Start with the quadratic in standard form.
2y = 1(x2 - 4x) + 3Factor 1 out of the first two terms.
3y = 1(x - 2)2 + 3 - 4Add and subtract (-4/2)^2 = 4 inside the brackets to make a perfect square, compensating outside.
4y = 1(x - 2)2 - 1Combine the constants: 3 - 4 = -1. This is vertex form.
5The minimum value is −1, at x = 2.a = 1 > 0, so the parabola opens upward and the vertex is the lowest point.

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